升级gcc
在阿里云镜像上找到想要升级的gcc版本，这里以10.1.0为例
bash
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/gcc/gcc-10.1.0/gcc-10.1.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf gcc-10.1.0.tar.gz1
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依赖安装
bash
# 到gcc根目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd gcc-10.1.0
# 自动下载依赖
[root@localhost gcc-10.1.0]# ./contrib/download_prerequisites
2023-06-12 05:19:16 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2 [2383840/2383840] -> "./gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2" [1]
2023-06-12 05:19:19 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2 [1279284/1279284] -> "./mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2" [1]
2023-06-12 05:19:21 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz [669925/669925] -> "./mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz" [1]
2023-06-12 05:19:24 URL:http://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.18.tar.bz2 [1658291/1658291] -> "./isl-0.18.tar.bz2" [1]
gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2: OK
mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2: OK
mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz: OK
isl-0.18.tar.bz2: OK
tar (child): lbzip2: Cannot exec: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
error: Cannot extract package from gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
# 安装bzip2
[root@localhost gcc-10.1.0]# yum -y install bzip2
# 再次执行依赖下载
[root@localhost gcc-10.1.0]# ./contrib/download_prerequisites
gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2: OK
mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2: OK
mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz: OK
isl-0.18.tar.bz2: OK
All prerequisites downloaded successfully.1
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安装c编译器
bash
# 未安装c编译器报错
# no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
yum -y install gcc-c++1
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编译安装gcc
bash
# 创建编译目录
mkdir build && cd build
# 配置
../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-language=c,c++ --disable-multilib --prefix=/usr
# 编译
# j后面的数字表示可用于编译的cpu个数 这里设置的是8 一般来说一个cpu对应两个逻辑处理器
# 可以通过命令 cat /proc/stat | grep cpu[0-9] -c 查询cpu个数*2
# 编译过程漫长
make -j8
# 安装
make install1
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gcc版本检查
bash
# 查看安装库
cd /usr/lib64 && ll libstdc++*
# 或者gcc --version
gcc -v1
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升级make
在阿里云镜像上找到想要升级的make版本，这里以4.4为例
bash
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/make/make-4.4.tar.gz
tar -zxvf
make-4.4.tar.gz1
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编译安装make
bash
cd make-4.4
mkdir build && cd build
# 编译安装
../configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install1
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make版本检查
bash
make -v1
升级binutils
在阿里云镜像上找到想要升级的binutils版本，这里以2.30为例
bash
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.30.tar.gz
tar -zxvf binutils-2.30.tar.gz1
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编译安装binutils
bash
cd binutils-2.30
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install1
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binutils版本检查
bash
binutils -v1
升级bison
在阿里云镜像上找到想要升级的bison版本，这里以3.0.1为例
bash
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/bison/bison-3.0.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf bison-3.0.1.tar.gz1
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编译安装bison
bash
cd bison-3.0.1
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install1
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bison版本检查
bash
bison -V1
升级glibc
在阿里云镜像上找到想要升级的glibc版本，这里以2.37为例
bash
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.37.tar.gz
tar -zxvf glibc-2.37.tar.gz1
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查看安装依赖
bash
[root@localhost ~]# cd glibc-2.37
# 查看安装依赖
[root@localhost glibc-2.37]# cat INSTALL | grep -E "newer|later"
The tests (and later installation) use some pre-existing files of the
* GNU 'make' 4.0 or newer
* GCC 6.2 or newer
building the GNU C Library, as newer compilers usually produce
of release, this implies GCC 7.4 and newer (excepting GCC 7.5.0,
* GNU 'binutils' 2.25 or later
binutils 2.26 or newer.
* GNU 'texinfo' 4.7 or later
* GNU 'bison' 2.7 or later
* GNU 'sed' 3.02 or newer
* Python 3.4 or later
* GDB 7.8 or later with support for Python 2.7/3.4 or later
* GNU 'gettext' 0.10.36 or later
# make、gcc、binutils上面已经安装升级了
# 查看sed版本
[root@localhost glibc-2.37]# sed --version
sed (GNU sed) 4.2.2
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Written by Jay Fenlason, Tom Lord, Ken Pizzini,
and Paolo Bonzini.
GNU sed home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>.
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.
E-mail bug reports to: <bug-sed@gnu.org>.
Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field.
# 查看gettext版本
[root@localhost glibc-2.37]# gettext --version
gettext (GNU gettext-runtime) 0.19.8.1
Copyright (C) 1995-1997, 2000-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Written by Ulrich Drepper.
# 安装Python3
yum install -y python3
# python版本检测
python3 -V1
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注意
若存在版本号大于要求版本号，但是出现配置出错情况，编辑configure文件，修改正则匹配表达式的case部分
- binutils搜索2.1，需要修改as和ld版本号兼容配置
- gcc搜索3.4
- make搜索3.79
搜索的版本号为INSTALL中声明的版本，参考StackOverflow configure-error-these-critical-programs-are-missing-or-too-old-gcc-make-w
编译安装glibc
bash
# 安装目录
LFS=/opt/glibc
# 创建兼容性软连接
ln -sfv /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 $LFS/lib64
ln -sfv /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 $LFS/lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3
cd glibc-2.37
mkdir build && cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin
# 编译比较长
make && make install
# 更新链接缓存
ldconfig
# 重启
reboot1
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glibc版本检查
bash
strings /lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBC
ll /lib64/libc.so*
ldd --version1
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千万不要直接在生产环境升级
做glibc升级前充分做好备份、测试，确保中间过程不会出错，否则可能会导致系统不可用