题目
给定一个 m x n
二维字符网格 board
和一个字符串单词 word
。如果 word
存在于网格中,返回 true
;否则,返回 false
。
单词必须按照字母顺序,通过相邻的单元格内的字母构成,其中"相邻"单元格是那些水平相邻或垂直相邻的单元格。同一个单元格内的字母不允许被重复使用。
示例 1:
输入:board = [["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], word = "ABCCED"
输出:true
1
2
2
示例 2:
输入:board = [["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], word = "SEE"
输出:true
1
2
2
示例 3:
输入:board = [["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], word = "ABCB"
输出:false
1
2
2
提示:
m == board.length
n = board[i].length
1 <= m, n <= 6
1 <= word.length <= 15
board
和word
仅由大小写英文字母组成
进阶: 你可以使用搜索剪枝的技术来优化解决方案,使其在 board
更大的情况下可以更快解决问题?
题解
java
public boolean exist(char[][] board, String word) {
int rows, columns;
if ((rows = board.length) == 0 || (columns = board[0].length) == 0) {
return false;
}
// 记录是否已使用
boolean[][] blackboard = new boolean[rows][columns];
// 回溯搜索
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Boolean> backtrack = new BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Boolean>() {
// 字符匹配索引
private int index = 0;
@Override
public Boolean apply(Integer row, Integer column) {
if (board[row][column] == word.charAt(index)) {
// 匹配完成
if (index + 1 == word.length()) {
return true;
}
// 向下遍历
if (row - 1 >= 0 && !blackboard[row - 1][column]) {
blackboard[row][column] = true;
this.index++;
boolean flag = this.apply(row - 1, column);
blackboard[row][column] = false;
this.index--;
if (flag) {
return true;
}
}
// 向上遍历
if (row + 1 < rows && !blackboard[row + 1][column]) {
blackboard[row][column] = true;
this.index++;
boolean flag = this.apply(row + 1, column);
blackboard[row][column] = false;
this.index--;
if (flag) {
return true;
}
}
// 向右遍历
if (column - 1 >= 0 && !blackboard[row][column - 1]) {
blackboard[row][column] = true;
this.index++;
boolean flag = this.apply(row, column - 1);
blackboard[row][column] = false;
this.index--;
if (flag) {
return true;
}
}
// 向左遍历
if (column + 1 < columns && !blackboard[row][column + 1]) {
blackboard[row][column] = true;
this.index++;
boolean flag = this.apply(row, column + 1);
blackboard[row][column] = false;
this.index--;
// 最后一种 可以直接返回
return flag;
}
}
return false;
}
};
// 从网格中每个字符开始回溯是否能匹配word
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
if (backtrack.apply(i, j)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
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